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Tuesday, 9 September 2025
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Tuesday, 29 July 2025
Merchant shipping bill : A Bold Push for Transparency in India’s Maritime Sector
Wednesday, 16 July 2025
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Tuesday, 24 June 2025
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Saturday, 21 June 2025
How FTWZs can help you outsmart Global Crises
Sunday, 15 June 2025
How to Calculate Export Pricing: EXW, DDP, FOB, CFR Explained
🧾 How to Calculate Export Pricing: EXW, DDP, FOB, CFR Explained
When selling products internationally, choosing the right Incoterm is crucial — it determines how much of the shipping cost and risk you, as the exporter, are responsible for. To price your goods correctly, you must understand how to calculate your export pricing based on the selected Incoterm.
In this article, we’ll cover how to calculate export pricing for the following Incoterms:- EXW (Ex Works)
- DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
- FOB (Free On Board)
- CFR (Cost and Freight)
1. 📦 EXW – Ex Works
Definition: The buyer takes responsibility for all costs and risks once goods leave the seller’s premises.
Calculation Formula:
EXW Price = Factory Cost + Profit Margin
✅ Includes:
- Raw materials
- Manufacturing costs
- Packaging
- Seller’s profit
🚫 Excludes:
- Inland transport
- Export customs clearance
- Freight or insurance
💡 Example:
- Factory cost: $100
- Profit margin: $20
👉 EXW Price = $120
2. 🚚 DDP – Delivered Duty Paid
Definition: The seller delivers the goods to the buyer's door, paying all costs, including duties and taxes.
Calculation Formula:
DDP Price = EXW + Inland Freight + Export Clearance + Freight + Insurance + Import Duties/Taxes + Local Delivery
✅ Includes everything from the factory to the final destination.
💡 Example:
- EXW: $120
- Inland freight: $20
- Export clearance: $10
- Ocean freight & insurance: $50
- Import duty/tax: $30
- Local delivery: $20
👉 DDP Price = $250
3. ⚓ FOB – Free On Board
Definition: The seller covers all costs until the goods are loaded onto the shipping vessel at the port of origin.
Calculation Formula:
FOB Price = EXW + Inland Transport + Export Clearance + Terminal/Port Handling
✅ Includes:
- Domestic transport to port
- Export paperwork
- Port charges
💡 Example:
- EXW: $120
- Inland transport: $20
- Export clearance: $10
- Port charges: $10
👉 FOB Price = $160
4. 🌊 CFR – Cost and Freight
Definition: The seller pays for the goods and their transport to the destination port — insurance is not included.
Calculation Formula:
CFR Price = FOB + International Freight
✅ Includes:
- All costs up to arrival at the destination port
🚫 Excludes:
- Insurance (CFR ≠ CIF)
💡 Example:
- FOB: $160
- Freight: $40
👉 CFR Price = $200
✅ Quick Summary Table
Incoterm | Seller Pays For | Buyer Pays For |
---|---|---|
EXW | Factory cost only | Everything else |
FOB | Up to loading on ship | Freight, insurance, import duties |
CFR | Freight to destination port | Insurance, import duties |
DDP | Everything (door-to-door) | Nothing |
Final Tips for Exporters:
- Always confirm local regulations when quoting DDP prices.
- Work with a freight forwarder to get current rates.
- Provide a cost breakdown to keep pricing transparent for your buyer.
Need help setting your export prices or choosing the right Incoterm? Drop your questions in the comments below or get in touch with us!
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Thursday, 15 May 2025
Importance of Free Trade Warehousing Zones during Trade Disruptions
During trade disruptions, Free Trade Warehousing Zones (FTWZs) play a crucial role by providing a buffer for goods, facilitating continued trade, and potentially mitigating the impact of disruptions. They offer duty deferment, tax exemptions, and improved logistics infrastructure, enabling businesses to maintain operations and adjust to changing conditions.
Here's a more detailed look at their role:
1. Buffer for Goods and Supply Chain Resilience:
- Maintaining Inventory: FTWZs allow businesses to store goods, including imports and re-exports, without immediate duty payments, providing a buffer against supply chain disruptions and geopolitical issues.
- Re-exporting Duty-Free: Businesses can re-export goods from India without paying Indian duties and taxes, which is helpful during disruptions that might affect domestic markets.
- Simplified Logistics: FTWZs offer simplified customs clearance processes, faster lead times, and improved inventory control, enhancing supply chain resilience.
2. Facilitating Continued Trade:
- Duty Deferment and Tax Exemptions: FTWZs provide tax exemptions and benefits, making it easier for businesses to continue trade even during disruptions.
- Safe & Strategic Location: They are often located near major transport hubs, such as ports and airports, facilitating seamless import and export operations.
- Value-Added Services: FTWZs offer services like repackaging, relabeling, and kitting, allowing businesses to adapt goods for different markets during disruptions.
3. Mitigating the Impact of Disruptions:
- Reducing Working Capital Needs:Duty deferment and tax exemptions reduce working capital expenses, allowing businesses to allocate resources more effectively during disruptions.
- Faster Regulatory Clearances: FTWZs often have streamlined regulatory processes, which can be beneficial when disruptions lead to delays or bottlenecks.
- Improved Effectiveness: FTWZs offer simplified import and export processes, helping businesses to navigate disruptions and maintain efficiency.
In essence, FTWZs act as a strategic hub for businesses during trade disruptions by:
- Providing a buffer for goods and mitigating risks.
- Facilitating continued trade with duty deferment and tax benefits.
- Enhancing supply chain resilience through improved logistics and streamlined processe